Methane is a simple organic compound with the chemical formula CH₄. It consists of one carbon atom (C) bonded to four hydrogen atoms (H). Methane is the primary component of natural gas and is a colorless, odorless gas at room temperature and pressure.
Key Characteristics:
- Molecular Structure: Methane has a tetrahedral molecular geometry, meaning the four hydrogen atoms are symmetrically arranged around the carbon atom, forming angles of about 109.5 degrees.
- Sources: Methane is produced naturally in anaerobic environments by microorganisms, such as in wetlands, and is also found in the digestive systems of ruminants. Additionally, it is released during the extraction and burning of fossil fuels, as well as from landfills.
- Uses: Methane is widely used as a fuel for heating, cooking, and electricity generation. It is also a feedstock for the production of chemicals like ammonia and methanol.
- Greenhouse Gas: Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, with a much higher heat-trapping ability than carbon dioxide over a short-term horizon, contributing to climate change when released into the atmosphere during production and transportation.
Safety Note:
While methane itself is non-toxic, it can displace oxygen in enclosed spaces, leading to asphyxiation hazards. Methane can also be flammable, which makes proper handling and storage critical.
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