What is differential theory? How do family and friends fit into this theory?

Answer 1

Differential theory, also known as Differential Association Theory, is a sociological criminology theory proposed by Edwin Sutherland in 1939. It suggests that individuals learn deviant behavior through their interactions with others, particularly through individuals within their family and peer groups.

According to differential theory, family and friends play a significant role in shaping an individual's behavior and attitudes. They serve as primary sources of socialization and influence. The theory states that if an individual associates with individuals who engage in deviant behavior (such as criminal activities), they are more likely to adopt those behaviors themselves. Conversely, if an individual is surrounded by individuals who adhere to conventional norms and values, they are more likely to conform to societal expectations.

Family, being the first and most intimate social group an individual encounters, has a profound impact on their development. Parents and siblings can directly influence an individual's behavior through their behavior, attitudes, and values. If family members engage in criminal activities or support deviant behaviors, the individual is more likely to adopt those behaviors as well. On the other hand, if family members provide a supportive and law-abiding environment, it can contribute to the individual's adherence to societal norms.

Friends and peer groups also play a vital role in shaping an individual's behavior. These social circles expose individuals to new ideas, perspectives, and behaviors. If a person's friends engage in criminal activities, use drugs, or display deviant behavior, they may influence the individual to behave similarly. Conversely, if friends uphold conventional values and discourage deviant behavior, the individual is more likely to conform to societal norms.

In summary, differential theory suggests that family and friends play a central role in shaping an individual's behavior by either promoting or deterring deviant activities. These social relationships and interactions heavily influence an individual's likelihood of engaging in criminal or deviant behavior.