The term "conviction" generally refers to a strong belief or a firm persuasion regarding a particular idea, principle, or truth. In a theological context, particularly within Christianity, conviction can have a nuanced meaning that often relates to the work of the Holy Spirit in a person's life.
From the definitions you've provided, the most fitting characterization of "conviction" in a spiritual sense aligns with:
Acknowledging the truth regarding the Holy Spirit’s charge against us.
This implies a recognition of one's sinfulness and need for repentance, often leading to a transformation in one's beliefs and actions.
If you're seeking a specific context for this term (e.g., legal, moral, spiritual), please let me know, and I can tailor the explanation further!