Constitutional interpretation refers to the process through which the meaning of the Constitution is determined. This can involve deciphering the intent of the Framers, understanding the language of the Constitution, applying principles of constitutional law, and reconciling various amendments and clauses. Different methods of interpretation include textualism (focusing on the text's literal meaning), originalism (considering the intent and understanding of the Constitution's authors), and living constitutionalism (viewing the Constitution as a dynamic document that adapts over time).
A significant Supreme Court case that exemplifies constitutional interpretation is Marbury v. Madison (1803). In this landmark case, Chief Justice John Marshall asserted the principle of judicial review, which allows the Supreme Court to invalidate laws and executive actions that it finds to be unconstitutional. This case established the Court's role in interpreting the Constitution and set the foundation for its authority in determining the constitutionality of legislation and governmental actions.