It seems you're describing several different figures of speech that are used in language. Let me clarify what each of these is:
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Analogy: An analogy is a comparison between two things that are quite different but share some common characteristics, often to explain or clarify an abstract idea by relating it to something more concrete. For example, comparing the process of learning to climbing a mountain.
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Simile: A simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two unlike things using the words “like” or “as.” For example, "Her eyes were like stars," compares her eyes to stars.
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Oxymoron: An oxymoron is a figure of speech that juxtaposes contradictory or opposing ideas or words for effect, such as "deafening silence" or "bittersweet."
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Metaphor: A metaphor is a figure of speech that directly compares two unlike things by stating that one thing is another, without using "like" or "as." For example, "Time is a thief" suggests that time steals moments from our lives.
These various figures of speech are useful tools in writing and communication to convey ideas and emotions in a vivid and relatable way.