Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates (specifically starches) into simpler sugars. It is produced in the saliva by the salivary glands and in the pancreas, and it acts in the mouth and the small intestine.
For the other parts of your question:
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Nutrient absorbed in the small intestine: The small intestine is primarily responsible for the absorption of nutrients from digested food, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
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Another name for the large intestine: The large intestine is also known as the colon. It is responsible for water absorption and the formation of feces.
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An enzyme that breaks down food: This could refer to various digestive enzymes, with amylase specifically breaking down carbohydrates. Other key enzymes include proteases (which break down proteins) and lipases (which break down fats).
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Acid in the stomach: The main component of gastric acid is hydrochloric acid (HCl), which helps to digest food and kill harmful bacteria.
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