Activated carbon, also known as activated charcoal, is a form of carbon that has been processed to have a vast surface area and numerous pores. This high surface area allows it to adsorb a wide range of substances, making it effective for various applications, including:
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Water Filtration: Activated carbon is commonly used in water treatment systems to remove impurities, chlorine, volatile organic compounds, and other contaminants.
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Air Purification: It is used in air filters and purification systems to adsorb odors, gases, and other airborne pollutants.
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Medical Uses: Activated carbon is sometimes administered in cases of poisoning or overdose because it can absorb toxins in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Industrial Applications: It is utilized in various industrial processes, including the production of electronics, as a catalyst support, and in the food and beverage industry for decolorization and purification.
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Gas Masks and Respirators: Activated carbon is a critical component in personal protective equipment designed to filter harmful gases and vapors.
The activation process usually involves treating carbonaceous materials (like wood, coal, or coconut shells) at high temperatures in an inert atmosphere, often with steam or chemical agents, to create a highly porous structure. The resulting activated carbon can take on different forms, including granules, pellets, or powders, depending on its intended use.