Stalactite: A stalactite is a type of mineral formation that hangs from the ceiling of caves. It forms through the process of mineral deposition, where mineral-rich water drip down from the roof of the cave, evaporating and leaving behind a small deposit of minerals (commonly calcite). Over long periods, these deposits accumulate, forming icicle-shaped structures that hang downwards.
Stalagmite: A stalagmite is a mineral formation that rises from the floor of a cave. It is created in a similar way to stalactites, where the mineral-rich water drips from the ceiling, but instead of hanging down, the water lands on the floor and deposits minerals as it evaporates. Stalagmites typically have a conical shape and grow upwards over time.
Drip Stone Column: A drip stone column, often referred to as a "column," is a geological formation that occurs when a stalactite and a stalagmite grow together and eventually meet. This occurs over an extended period as both formations grow, merging to form a solid structure that extends from the floor to the ceiling of the cave. These columns can be quite large and are an impressive feature in many limestone caves.
Together, stalactites, stalagmites, and drip stone columns contribute to the beautiful and intricate formations found in cave systems.