A polyatomic ion is a charged entity composed of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded together, which collectively act as a single unit with an overall charge. This charge can result from the loss or gain of electrons by the entire group of atoms. Polyatomic ions can be either positively charged (cations) or negatively charged (anions).
Common examples of polyatomic ions include:
- Sulfate (SO₄²⁻): carries a -2 charge
- Nitrate (NO₃⁻): carries a -1 charge
- Ammonium (NH₄⁺): carries a +1 charge
- Phosphate (PO₄³⁻): carries a -3 charge
Polyatomic ions often play important roles in chemical reactions and the formation of compounds, particularly in inorganic chemistry. They can combine with other ions to form salts, acids, and other compounds.
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