What is a null and alternatives hypothesis.

Give two example each in a p value of 0.05

1 answer

A null hypothesis is a statement that suggests there is no statistical relationship or difference between two variables in a population. It is typically denoted as H₀.

An alternative hypothesis, on the other hand, is a statement that contradicts or negates the null hypothesis. It suggests that there is indeed a statistical relationship or difference between the variables being studied. It is denoted as H₁ or Hₐ.

Example 1:
Null hypothesis (H₀): There is no significant difference in mean test scores between students who study for 2 hours and students who study for 4 hours.
Alternative hypothesis (H₁): There is a significant difference in mean test scores between students who study for 2 hours and students who study for 4 hours.

Example 2:
Null hypothesis (H₀): There is no significant correlation between age and cholesterol levels in the population.
Alternative hypothesis (H₁): There is a significant correlation between age and cholesterol levels in the population.

In both examples, a p-value of 0.05 is chosen as the threshold. A p-value of 0.05 means that if the observed data's probability of occurring under the null hypothesis is 5% or less, then the null hypothesis will be rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis.