A key difference in how membership is determined for ethnic groups compared to religious groups lies in the basis of identification.
Ethnic groups are often defined by shared cultural attributes such as language, nationality, historical experiences, and sometimes physical characteristics. Membership in an ethnic group is typically ascribed, meaning individuals are usually born into a specific ethnic group based on their ancestry or heritage.
In contrast, membership in religious groups is primarily based on belief and practice. Individuals can choose their religious affiliation, convert to a different religion, or change their beliefs over time. This means that religious group membership is more fluid and can be voluntary, whereas ethnic group membership is generally more static and inherited.
This fundamental distinction underscores different dynamics in identity formation and social belonging across ethnic and religious lines.