The key difference between the US Congress and the Assembly of ancient Athens lies in how representatives are selected and who has the authority to participate in the legislative process. Here are the relevant points based on your statements:
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The Assembly used a system of voting to pass laws. - This is true for both the US Congress and the Assembly of ancient Athens, as both bodies utilized voting to make decisions.
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The Assembly had the power to pass and enforce laws. - While both bodies had legislative power, the nature and extent of enforcement differ. In Athens, the Assembly had direct control over laws, while the enforcement in the US Congress is executed by the Executive branch.
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Congress allows noncitizen participation in government. - This statement is somewhat misleading. In practice, noncitizens generally do not have formal roles in government decisions or legislation. In ancient Athens, citizenship was strictly defined, and only male citizens had the right to participate in the Assembly.
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Congress is made up of elected officials who represent citizens. - This statement highlights a fundamental difference. US Congress members are elected representatives from specific districts or states, whereas the Assembly of Athens was composed of eligible male citizens who directly participated in decision-making, often through a system of sortition (selection by lot) for certain positions.
In summary, the most significant differences between the two institutions are in the structure of representation and the inclusion or exclusion of citizens versus elected officials. Congress consists of representatives elected to office, whereas the Athenian Assembly allowed all eligible male citizens to participate directly in governance.