The Fundamental Orders of 1638-1639, often considered the first written constitution that created a government, reflects the influences of both the Mayflower Compact and John Locke’s philosophical principles.
Influence of the Mayflower Compact
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Social Contract: The Mayflower Compact, signed by the Pilgrims in 1620, established a framework for governance based on the idea of a social contract. Similarly, the Fundamental Orders begin with the recognition of a collective agreement among the people to form a government. This reflects a commitment to governance by mutual consent and shared purpose.
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Self-Governance: Both documents underscore the importance of self-governance. The Mayflower Compact was an agreement among settlers to create a functioning society based on mutual consent, leading to governance by the consent of the governed. The Fundamental Orders similarly reflect a desire for self-rule, as they establish a civil government that draws its authority from the consent of the people.
Influence of John Locke's Ideas
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Natural Rights and Government by Consent: John Locke emphasized the idea of natural rights — life, liberty, and property — and the necessity of government as a protector of these rights. The Fundamental Orders echo this concept through the establishment of a government that is accountable to the people and serves their interests.
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Separation of Powers: Although more vividly articulated in Locke's later writings, the notion found in the Fundamental Orders aligns with Locke's ideas regarding the division of governmental powers. The Orders detail a structured government with specific powers and responsibilities, reflecting Locke's belief that government should be limited and serve the public good.
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The Role of the Majority: Locke believed in majority rule as a principle of governance, underscoring the idea that laws should be created by a majority of the people for the benefit of the community. The Fundamental Orders establish the importance of representative assemblies and decision-making through democratic principles.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut manifest influences from both the Mayflower Compact and John Locke’s philosophical ideas. They embody concepts of self-governance, social contracts, individual rights, and the role of the community, forming a foundational document that reflects the evolving notions of democracy and governance in early America.