As a satellite transfers to an orbit that is closer to Earth, the following occurs:
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Gravitational Force: The gravitational force acting on the satellite increases. This is because gravitational force is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the center of the Earth (according to Newton's law of universal gravitation). As the satellite moves closer to Earth, the distance decreases, and thus the gravitational force increases.
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Orbital Velocity: The orbital velocity of the satellite also increases. The required orbital velocity for a satellite in a circular orbit is given by the formula \( v = \sqrt{\frac{GM}{r}} \), where \( G \) is the gravitational constant, \( M \) is the mass of the Earth, and \( r \) is the distance from the center of the Earth. As \( r \) decreases (as the satellite moves to a lower orbit), the velocity \( v \) must increase to maintain a stable orbit.
Taking both points into account, the correct conclusion is:
The gravitational force increases and the velocity increases.