To calculate the grade as a percentage for a score of 40 out of 52, you can use the following formula:
\[ \text{Percentage} = \left( \frac{\text{Score}}{\text{Total}} \right) \times 100 \]
Substituting the values:
\[ \text{Percentage} = \left( \frac{40}{52} \right) \times 100 \approx 76.92% \]
So, 40 out of 52 is approximately 76.92%. Depending on the grading scale used, this could be considered a letter grade of around a "C" or "B-." However, grading scales can vary by institution.