What factor was most important in Japan’s rapid shift toward industrialization?

Question

military wins against Russia and China
lack of access to raw materials
renegotiation of unequal treaties with European nations
government-directed economic reforms

Answer 1

The most important factor in Japan’s rapid shift toward industrialization was government-directed economic reforms. After the Meiji Restoration in 1868, the Japanese government implemented a series of reforms aimed at modernizing the economy, adopting Western technologies, and establishing industrial infrastructure. This proactive state-led approach was crucial in transforming Japan into an industrialized nation in a relatively short period. While military victories and renegotiation of treaties played roles in Japan's emergence on the world stage, it was the systematic efforts of the government to promote industrialization that had the most significant impact.