The theory of plate tectonics is supported by several pieces of evidence, and among the options you've provided, the most relevant is the distribution of fossils and rocks. Here’s a brief explanation of how this evidence supports the theory:
- Distribution of Fossils and Rocks: Fossils of the same species have been found on continents that are now widely separated by oceans. For example, fossils of the extinct reptile Mesosaurus have been found in both South America and Africa, suggesting that these continents were once connected. Similarly, certain rock formations and mountain ranges, like the Appalachian Mountains in North America and the Caledonian Mountains in Scotland, have similar geological characteristics and ages, indicating that they were once part of a continuous landmass.
While other options like the height of mountains may relate to tectonic activity (mountain formation is often a result of tectonic processes), they do not provide the same direct evidence for the historical connectivity of landmasses. The distribution of animal species can suggest evolutionary processes but is less directly linked to the movements of tectonic plates compared to fossil and rock distribution.
In summary, the distribution of fossils and rocks offers strong evidence supporting the idea that continents have drifted apart over geological time due to the movement of tectonic plates.
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