What effect did John Hayes open door policy letters have on the Imperial powers of Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan?

Answer 1

John Hay's Open Door Policy letters had a significant effect on the Imperial powers of Britain, France, Germany, Russia, and Japan. The letters declared that all nations should have equal access to trade in China, and that no nation should be allowed to gain an unfair advantage over the others. This policy was seen as a challenge to the Imperial powers, who had been trying to gain exclusive trading rights in China. The Open Door Policy forced the Imperial powers to recognize the rights of other nations to trade in China, and it also helped to prevent them from engaging in further territorial expansion in the region.