What does racism look like in Alexie's (2007)novel The absolutely diary of a part time indian? Specifically these chapter : hope against hope(clue: look for interpersonal racism and it's relationship with present)

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In Alexie's novel "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian," racism is depicted through various instances of interpersonal discrimination and its connection to the present-day struggles of the main character, Arnold Spirit Jr.

In the chapter titled "Hope Against Hope," there are several instances where racism is evident. One such example occurs when Arnold's best friend, Rowdy, decides to join the basketball team at Reardan High School, which is predominantly white. Rowdy experiences racist comments and derogatory treatment from his teammates and opponents due to his Native American heritage. He becomes the target of racial slurs and is constantly reminded of his difference. This demonstrates how interpersonal racism affects the present situation of Rowdy and his relationship with Arnold.

Additionally, Arnold himself faces racism when he transfers from his reservation school to the all-white Reardan High School. Students at Reardan mock and belittle him because of his Native American background. They stereotype him and make derogatory comments about his culture, often calling him names such as "chief" or "Squaw Boy." This discrimination impacts Arnold's self-esteem and creates a hostile environment for him at school. It highlights the reality of racism in their present and the challenges Arnold faces as a result.

Moreover, the novel explores systemic racism through the disparities in educational opportunities and resources between the reservation school and Reardan High School. Arnold recognizes that the education provided in his reservation school is subpar compared to what the students receive at Reardan. This disparity is rooted in historical racism and inequality, which perpetuates the cycle of poverty and limited opportunities for Native American communities. By confronting and addressing this issue, the novel sheds light on the structural racism that affects the present-day lives of Native Americans.

Overall, "The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian" highlights interpersonal racism through the experiences of characters like Rowdy and Arnold. It demonstrates how racial discrimination impacts their relationships, self-worth, and daily experiences at school. Additionally, the novel delves into the systemic racism that underlies educational disparities between the reservation and Reardan, illuminating the present-day challenges faced by Native American communities.