Mendel's Law of Segregation states that each parent contributes one of two possible alleles for a trait to their offspring, which are inherited randomly. It means that the alleles segregate from each other during the formation of gametes (egg and sperm), so that each gamete carries only one allele for each trait. Therefore, the correct answer among the options provided is:
3. Each parent contributes random alleles for a trait to their offspring.
It's important to note that the alleles can be either dominant or recessive, and the parents do not exclusively contribute only dominant or only recessive alleles.