What do you mean by parole evidence rule

Answer 1

The Parol Evidence Rule is a legal doctrine in contract law that prevents parties to a written contract from presenting extrinsic evidence of terms or conditions that are not included in the written agreement. The rule is intended to uphold the integrity of written contracts by limiting the ability of parties to modify, contradict, or supplement the terms of the contract through oral or other previously unmentioned agreements made prior to or at the time of writing.

Here are key points related to the Parol Evidence Rule:

1. **Written Agreement Supremacy**: When parties have executed a final, written contract, that written document is presumed to encompass the full and final terms of their agreement.

2. **Precludes Certain Evidence**: Under this rule, evidence of prior or contemporaneous oral agreements, or prior written agreements that contradict, modify, or add to the terms of the written contract, is generally inadmissible in court.

3. **Exceptions**: There are several noteworthy exceptions to the Parol Evidence Rule:
- **Ambiguity**: If the written contract is ambiguous, extrinsic evidence may be admitted to clarify the intention of the parties.
- **Fraud, Duress, or Mistake**: Evidence may be introduced to show that the contract is invalid or voidable due to fraud, duress, undue influence, or mistake.
- **Collateral Agreements**: Independent or collateral agreements that do not contradict the written contract may be admissible.
- **Subsequent Modifications**: Evidence of modifications or agreements made after the written contract was executed can be admissible.
- **Conditions Precedent**: Evidence that shows the contract was subject to a condition precedent (a condition that must be met before the contract becomes effective) can also be admissible.

4. **Jurisdictional Differences**: The application and interpretation of the Parol Evidence Rule can vary between different legal systems and jurisdictions. Some courts may be more flexible or stringent in applying the rule.

In conclusion, the Parol Evidence Rule serves to protect the terms of a written contract from being undermined by prior or contemporaneous external agreements, while still allowing for certain exceptions where justice or clarity necessitates it.