The correct answer is probing.
Probing questions are specifically designed to elicit more information, clarification, or evidence from the speaker. They encourage deeper discussion and can help the asker understand the topic more thoroughly.
Here’s a brief explanation of why the other options are not correct:
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Conversational: This term refers to a casual or informal exchange of ideas and doesn't specifically denote questions that seek further clarification or evidence.
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Argumentative: These questions are typically aimed at challenging or disputing a point rather than seeking additional information or clarification.
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Close-ended: Close-ended questions are those that can be answered with a yes or no, or other brief, specific responses. They do not encourage elaboration or additional evidence.
Therefore, "probing" is the best fit for the described type of question.