1. What do the black and green arrows in the diagram represent?
Correct Answer: B
The processes that transform one rock into another.
2. Fill in the table to describe how Material A transforms into Material B in the rock cycle.
| Material A | Required forces/processes | Material B | |------------------|------------------------------|-------------------| | Magma | Cooling and solidification | Igneous rock | | Igneous rock | Weathering and erosion | Sedimentary rock | | Sedimentary rock | Heat and pressure | Metamorphic rock | | Metamorphic rock | Melting | Magma |
3. Match each step to its description.
- Break a crayon into small pieces - Weathering
- Move pieces of crayon from one location to another - Erosion/Transport
- Press pieces of crayon into one solid layer - Lithification/Compaction
- Melt crayons together and then let them cool - Cooling and solidification (Igneous process)
4. Imagine that the Earth’s core and mantle cool until they are the same temperature as the crust. How would this affect the rock cycle? Briefly justify your answer.
If the Earth’s core and mantle cool until they are the same temperature as the crust, the rock cycle would be severely impacted. The process of magma formation, which occurs due to extreme heat from the core and mantle, would cease. Without the heat to melt rock and create magma, the formation of igneous rocks would stop, leading to a reduction in volcanic activities. Furthermore, the processes of metamorphism would also be hindered, as heat and pressure are critical for transforming existing rocks. Overall, this cooling would likely lead to a stagnant rock cycle with fewer geological processes occurring, reducing the dynamic nature of Earth's geology.