Here’s what each of the mentioned variables measures along with their respective units:
-
Temperature:
- Measures: The average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, reflecting how hot or cold the substance is.
- Units: Kelvin (K), Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F)
-
Pressure:
- Measures: The force exerted per unit area, indicating how much force is applied to a surface for a given area.
- Units: Pascal (Pa), atmospheres (atm), millimeters of mercury (mmHg), pounds per square inch (psi)
-
Volume:
- Measures: The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by a substance.
- Units: Cubic meters (m³), liters (L), milliliters (mL), gallons (gal)
These measurements are fundamental in various scientific disciplines, including physics, chemistry, and engineering.