The division problem that can be represented using the number line described is:
\[ \frac{10}{3} \div \frac{5}{3} \]
This division represents how many times \( \frac{5}{3} \) fits into \( \frac{10}{3} \). The arrow going from 0 to \( \frac{5}{3} \) and then from \( \frac{5}{3} \) to \( \frac{10}{3} \) illustrates the segments of the number line, showing that two segments of \( \frac{5}{3} \) fit into \( \frac{10}{3} \).
Thus, the correct answer is:
\[ \frac{10}{3} \div \frac{5}{3} \]