A scientific hypothesis and a scientific theory are both integral parts of the scientific method, but they serve different purposes and have different characteristics:
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Definition:
- Scientific Hypothesis: A hypothesis is a proposed explanation or prediction that can be tested through observation and experimentation. It is often formulated based on limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.
- Scientific Theory: A theory is a comprehensive explanation of some aspect of the natural world that is based on a body of evidence and has stood up to repeated testing and scrutiny. A scientific theory has a broad scope and is supported by a substantial amount of data.
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Development Stage:
- A hypothesis is typically an initial step in the scientific process and is often narrow in focus, addressing specific questions or problems.
- A theory is the result of extensive validation and testing of hypotheses. It integrates multiple hypotheses and evidence, making it more established within the scientific community.
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Testing and Evidence:
- A hypothesis can be tested through experiments and observations, and it can be supported or disproven based on the results.
- A theory is not just based on a single experiment or observation; it is supported by a wide range of evidence from various studies and sources. A theory can be refined or adjusted when new evidence arises.
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Stability and Acceptance:
- Hypotheses may be discarded or revised fairly quickly if they do not hold up against experimental data.
- Theories are generally more stable and accepted as valid explanations until new scientific evidence suggests a need for change.
In summary, a scientific hypothesis is an initial, testable statement or prediction, while a scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation that integrates a large body of evidence and has withstood rigorous testing over time.