The identity of an element is determined primarily by the number of protons in the nucleus of its atoms. This number is known as the atomic number. Each element has a unique atomic number, which not only defines the element itself but also determines its position in the periodic table.
For example:
- Hydrogen has an atomic number of 1 (1 proton).
- Carbon has an atomic number of 6 (6 protons).
- Oxygen has an atomic number of 8 (8 protons).
While the number of neutrons and electrons can vary (creating isotopes and ions), it is the number of protons that ultimately defines the element.
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