Part A: Conclusion about John F. Kennedy's opinion about modern-day scientific knowledge
C. He believes that scientific knowledge can result in both great advancements and great destruction.
Part B: Supporting sentence from the text
B. …that both sides begin anew the quest for peace, before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self–destruction.
This sentence highlights Kennedy's awareness of the dual nature of scientific knowledge: it has the potential to lead to both advancements (such as peace) and destruction, which directly supports the conclusion drawn in Part A.