1. Fertile Land: Southern Mesopotamia, also known as Sumer, was a part of the "fertile crescent." The land was highly fertile due to the surrounding rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates, which provided the area with nutrient-rich soil ideal for agriculture. This environment enabled society to transition from nomadic hunting and gathering to sedentary farming, thus giving birth to one of the first major civilizations.
2. Development of Writing: The ancient Sumerians in southern Mesopotamia invented the world's first known form of writing, cuneiform, which was used to record commercial transactions, laws, administrative decisions, and literature. This advanced form of communication allowed for the necessary record keeping and administration of the civilization and contributed to the development of legal and economic systems.
What characteristics allowed southern Mesopotamia to become the cradle of civilization. two correct answers
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