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Changes in Women’s Roles (Slide 2)
During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, women's roles began to shift significantly. Many women moved into the workforce, not only within traditional roles such as teaching and nursing but also in factories and offices due to industrialization. The emergence of the suffrage movement galvanized many women to fight for their rights, leading to increased visibility in social reform and activism. Additionally, women began to pursue higher education more broadly, leading to changes in societal perceptions regarding their capabilities and roles.
Morrill Acts Significance (Slide 3)
The Morrill Acts, specifically the Morrill Land-Grant Acts of 1862 and 1890, were significant pieces of legislation that provided federal land to states to establish colleges focused on agriculture and the mechanical arts. These acts aimed to promote education and foster a more skilled workforce while expanding access to higher education, particularly for those who may not have been able to afford it otherwise. They played a critical role in shaping the American higher education system and influenced the development of land-grant universities.
Differences in Department Stores (Slide 4)
New department stores that emerged during the late 19th century differed from small shops in several key ways. They offered a wide variety of goods under one roof, including everything from clothing to household items, which was not commonly available in smaller, specialized shops. Department stores also provided a more upscale shopping experience with fixed prices (eliminating haggling), better customer service, and a focus on marketing and advertising. This shift revolutionized retail and set the stage for modern consumer culture.
Key Artists of the Time Period (Slide 5)
The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a considerable change in artistic expression, influenced by movements such as Impressionism and later, Modernism. Key artists include Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir from the Impressionist movement, known for their focus on light and color. In the realm of modern art, artists like Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse were pivotal in developing new styles such as Cubism and Fauvism, respectively. Additionally, American artists like Mary Cassatt gained prominence, providing unique perspectives on women and domestic life.
Criticisms of Industrialization (Slide 6)
Industrialization, while leading to economic growth and technological progress, faced several criticisms. Many argued it resulted in poor working conditions, long hours, child labor, and environmental degradation. The rise of factories created urban problems, including overcrowded living conditions, a lack of sanitation, and the deterioration of community life. Social reformers and labor unions began advocating for workers' rights, better pay, and safer working environments, highlighting the need for balance between industrial advancement and the well-being of individuals and communities.
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