The most relevant effect of the end of the Chinese Civil War and the establishment of a communist government in China is tensions between China and the U.S. increased.
After the Chinese Civil War concluded in 1949 with the victory of the Communist Party led by Mao Zedong, the United States, which had supported the Chinese Nationalists (Kuomintang), viewed the new communist regime with suspicion and concern. This contributed to a significant deterioration in U.S.-China relations, which would have far-reaching implications during the Cold War.
The other options provided are either historical events that occurred before the end of the Civil War (like Japan's invasion in 1937 and the expulsion of Communists in 1927) or a statement that does not accurately reflect the historical changes that occurred following the Civil War.