Fundamental constitutions, particularly those of the Enlightenment era, often included several unusual aspects for their time. One of the most notable aspects was the emphasis on individual rights and liberties. This was a significant departure from the prevailing norms of governance, which were typically characterized by absolute monarchies and feudal systems that prioritized the rights of rulers over the rights of the governed.
Additionally, many fundamental constitutions incorporated principles of popular sovereignty, suggesting that the authority of the government derives from the consent of the governed. This was quite radical compared to the traditional view of divine right of kings, where rulers held power by divine appointment.
Another unusual aspect was the idea of separation of powers, which aimed to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful. This concept was crucial in shaping modern democratic institutions and was relatively novel at the time when many governments concentrated power in the hands of a single entity.
Lastly, the inclusion of checks and balances and provisions for civil liberties further distinguished these constitutions from prior political frameworks, reflecting a growing belief in the need for accountability and protection of individual freedoms. These elements collectively marked a significant shift towards modern constitutionalism and the rule of law.
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