Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, which is part of the body's immune system. Because the lymphatic system is widespread throughout the body, NHL can affect various systems and organs. Here are the key systems and organs commonly involved:
Systems Affected:
- Lymphatic System: The primary system affected, as NHL starts in the lymphatic tissues, including lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus.
- Immune System: Since the lymphatic system is part of the immune system, NHL can compromise immune responses, making individuals more susceptible to infections.
- Hematologic System: NHL can lead to changes in blood cell production, affecting the blood system, particularly if it affects the bone marrow.
Organs Affected:
- Lymph Nodes: The most common initial site of NHL; it can involve lymph nodes in various regions (cervical, axillary, abdominal, etc.).
- Spleen: Often enlarged (splenomegaly) in cases of NHL.
- Bone Marrow: NHL can infiltrate the bone marrow, affecting blood cell production and leading to anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia.
- Thymus: In some cases, especially certain types of T-cell lymphomas, the thymus can be involved.
- Gastrointestinal Tract: The stomach, intestines, and other parts can be affected, leading to symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, or obstruction.
- Central Nervous System (CNS): Some aggressive types of NHL can infiltrate the CNS, potentially leading to neurological symptoms.
- Skin: Certain types of NHL, like cutaneous lymphoma, can affect the skin, presenting as rashes or lesions.
- Liver: NHL can lead to enlargement of the liver (hepatomegaly) if it involves liver tissue or affects the lymphatic drainage of the area.
- Other Organs: Depending on the type and progression of the disease, NHL can spread to various other organs, including the lungs, kidneys, and heart.
Conclusion:
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a diverse and complex disease that can affect multiple systems and organs throughout the body. The symptoms and severity depend on factors such as the type of NHL, its stage, and the specific organs involved. If you suspect NHL or are seeking more personalized information regarding this condition, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment options.