Stupas are dome-shaped structures that are significant in Buddhist architecture and are used as a commemorative monument, often housing relics associated with the Buddha or other important figures in Buddhism. They serve as a physical embodiment of the Buddhist concept of enlightenment and are designed to promote meditation and contemplation.
Key features of stupas include:
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Dome (Anda): The main body of the stupa, symbolizing the universe or the cosmic egg.
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Harmika: A square railing on top of the dome, symbolizing the abode of the gods.
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Spires (Chhatra): Often found above the harmika, representing the various levels of spiritual attainment and the connection between the earthly and the divine.
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Base (Plinth): The foundation layer, which provides stability.
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The Path (Kora): Many stupas are built with a path around them for circumambulation, an important ritual act in Buddhist practice.
Stupas can vary in size and design, ranging from small, simple structures to large, elaborate ones, and they can be found throughout countries with Buddhist traditions, including India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Tibet, Japan, and many others.
Stupas have stylistic and symbolic variations depending on cultural context, and they serve not only as places of worship but also as focal points for community gatherings and celebrations.