Chemists typically use fossil fuels as starting materials to produce most plastics and many other synthetic compounds. The primary sources include:
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Crude Oil: This is the most common source for many plastics. It undergoes processes like refining and cracking to yield a variety of hydrocarbons.
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Natural Gas: Composed mainly of methane, natural gas is also a significant source for the production of key ingredients like ethylene and propylene, which are building blocks for many plastics.
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Coal: This is less commonly used than oil and gas, but it can be converted into chemicals through processes like gasification and carbonization.
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Biomass: Renewable sources like plants and organic waste can also serve as starting materials for biodegradable plastics and other synthetic compounds, often involving fermentation or other chemical processes.
These starting materials are transformed through various chemical processes to create polymers and other synthetic materials used in the production of plastics, fibers, and numerous chemical products.
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