All of the above.
Motor oil serves several essential functions in an engine, including:
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Reducing friction and preventing wear: It creates a lubricating film that minimizes direct contact between moving parts, reducing wear and tear.
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Keeping engine surfaces clean: Motor oil contains detergents and dispersants that help keep engine components clean by preventing the buildup of sludge and deposits.
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Removing heat to keep the engine cool: Oil absorbs heat from engine components and helps dissipate it away, contributing to optimal operating temperatures.
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Sealing gaps between pistons and cylinders: Oil helps create a seal that improves compression and enhances engine efficiency by reducing blow-by.
Thus, motor oil plays a critical role in maintaining engine performance and longevity.