Constituted authority refers to the recognized, officially established bodies or individuals that hold legitimate power and are responsible for making and enforcing rules and policies within a society or organization. Five common types of constituted authority are:
1. **Legal/Rational Authority**:
- **Definition**: Authority based on a system of rules and norms that are legally established and widely accepted.
- **Examples**: Elected officials, government institutions, judicial systems.
2. **Traditional Authority**:
- **Definition**: Authority derived from customs, traditions, and long-established cultural practices.
- **Examples**: Monarchies, tribal leaders, religious institutions that follow historical precedent.
3. **Charismatic Authority**:
- **Definition**: Authority rooted in the personal qualities, charisma, and leadership abilities of a particular individual.
- **Examples**: Revolutionary leaders, religious prophets, influential political figures like Nelson Mandela or Mahatma Gandhi.
4. **Expertise/Professional Authority**:
- **Definition**: Authority based on specialized knowledge or professional expertise in a particular field.
- **Examples**: Medical professionals, academic scholars, engineers, and scientists.
5. **Organizational/Corporate Authority**:
- **Definition**: Authority that arises from a person's position within a structured organization or corporation.
- **Examples**: CEOs, managers, company board members, and other corporate officers.
These types of authority often overlap and interact within societies, organizations, and institutions, shaping the dynamics of governance and social control.
What are the five types of constituted authority
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