The Earth is composed of several distinct layers, each with unique chemical and physical properties. These layers can be categorized into three primary compositional layers:
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Crust: This is the outermost layer of the Earth and is relatively thin compared to the other layers. It consists of solid rocks and minerals and is divided into two types:
- Continental Crust: Thicker and primarily composed of lighter, less dense rocks such as granite.
- Oceanic Crust: Thinner and composed mainly of denser rocks like basalt.
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Mantle: Located beneath the crust, the mantle makes up the largest portion of the Earth's volume. It is composed of silicate minerals that are rich in iron and magnesium. The mantle exists in a semi-solid state and is divided into the upper mantle (which includes the asthenosphere, where material can flow) and the lower mantle.
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Core: This is the innermost layer of the Earth, composed mainly of iron and nickel. The core is divided into two parts:
- Outer Core: A liquid layer that generates Earth's magnetic field through the motion of molten metals.
- Inner Core: A solid sphere primarily made of iron and nickel.
These layers are characterized by differences in composition, temperature, and physical state, contributing to the dynamic processes that occur within our planet.
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