1. Same functional group: All compounds in a homologous series have the same functional group. For example, in alcohols, the functional group is -OH.
2. Similar chemical properties: Compounds in a homologous series have similar chemical properties. They react in a similar manner and show similar types of reactions due to the presence of the same functional group.
3. Gradual change in physical properties: As the chain length increases in a homologous series, there is a gradual change in physical properties such as boiling point, melting point, and density. This is due to the increase in molecular size and mass.
4. Similar general formula: Compounds in a homologous series have a similar general formula. For example, in alkanes, the general formula is CnH2n+2, where n represents the number of carbon atoms in the molecule.
5. Increasing molecular size: Each successive compound in a homologous series has one additional carbon atom and two additional hydrogen atoms compared to the previous compound. This gradual increase in molecular size is a characteristic feature of homologous series.
6. Similar method of preparation: Compounds in a homologous series can be prepared using similar methods. For example, alcohols can be prepared by the reaction of an alkene with water in the presence of an acid catalyst.
7. Similar chemical reactivity: Compounds in a homologous series show similar chemical reactivity due to the presence of the same functional group. They undergo similar types of reactions, such as substitution and addition reactions, with similar reagents.
8. Regularity in physical and chemical properties: Compounds in a homologous series exhibit a regularity in their physical and chemical properties. This regularity is due to the gradual increase in molecular size and the presence of the same functional group in each compound.
What are the characteristics of a homologous series
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