The action force in each scenario is the force being exerted by one object on another. The reaction force is the force exerted by the second object back on the first object, resulting in an equal and opposite force.
In the first example, the action force is gravity pulling the book down, and the reaction force is the book pushing up on gravity.
In the second example, gravity is still the action force pulling the book down, but the friction between the book and the surface it is resting on provides the reaction force pushing the book up.
In the third example, the action force is gravity pushing the book up, and the reaction force is the book pushing down on gravity.
In the final example, the action force is the book pushing down on the table, and the reaction force is the table pushing up on the book.
what are the action and reaction forces?
Gravity pulls the book down.
Gravity pulls the book down.
Gravity pulls down and friction pushes up.
Gravity pulls down and friction pushes up.
Gravity pushes the book up.
Gravity pushes the book up.
The book pushes down on the table and the table pushes up on the book.
The book pushes down on the table and the table pushes up on the book.
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