Stupas are intricate architectural structures found in various cultures, particularly those influenced by Buddhism. They serve as important religious monuments and are typically dome-shaped, designed to house sacred relics or to commemorate significant events in the life of the Buddha or other revered figures.
Key features of stupas include:
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Dome Shape: The central portion of a stupa is often a large dome, symbolizing the universe or the cosmos.
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Relic Chamber: Most stupas contain a relic chamber, which may house the physical remains of holy figures, such as relics, offerings, or other sacred items.
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Harmika: At the top of the dome, there is usually a square railing known as the harmika, which symbolizes the presence of the divine.
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Shikhara: Some stupas have a tall spire or pole emerging from the harmika, representing the axis mundi (world axis) connecting heaven and earth.
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Circular Base: Stupas typically stand on a circular base, which may have paths around it for circumambulation, a practice where devotees walk around the stupa in a clockwise direction as an act of worship and reverence.
Stupas vary in style and significance depending on the region and the specific traditions of Buddhism (such as Theravada, Mahayana, or Vajrayana). They can be found in numerous countries, including India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Tibet, Thailand, and Bhutan, each with its unique architectural elements and cultural meanings.
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