Several factors can impact an author's credibility, and among those you've listed, the following are particularly relevant:
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Use of Formal English in Communications: When an author employs formal English in emails to people they don’t know well, it can enhance their professionalism and credibility. Formal language demonstrates respect and a serious approach, which can strengthen the author's trustworthiness.
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Writing in Standard English for Professional Essays: Using standard English in professional essays contributes positively to an author's credibility. It signals that the author possesses a strong command of language and demonstrates the ability to communicate ideas clearly and effectively, which is often expected in academic and professional settings.
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Use of Informal Language in Specific Contexts: While informal language can be appropriate in poetry or dialogue within short stories, it may impact credibility in more formal contexts. An author's choice to employ informal language in settings where standard language is expected could lead to a perception of unprofessionalism, depending on the audience and purpose.
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Errors with Commonly Confused Words or Punctuation: Making errors with commonly confused words (e.g., their/there/they're) or punctuation can significantly undermine an author's credibility. Such mistakes may suggest a lack of attention to detail or expertise, leading readers to question the author's knowledge and authority on the subject matter.
In summary, while the use of language suited to the context can enhance credibility, errors and inappropriate language choices can detract from it. Authors should strive for clarity and correctness in their writing to maintain and enhance their credibility.