Royalties are typically defined as a percentage of profits or revenues paid to an owner or creator for the use of their intellectual property, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, or even franchises. In the context of franchises, for example, royalties are often a percentage of a franchise’s earnings paid to the parent company.
Therefore, the most appropriate answer from the options you provided is:
a percentage of a franchise’s earnings paid to the parent company.