what are examples of astronomical phenomenon?

Answer 1

Eclipses
Occultations
Transits of Mercry and Venus across the face of the sun
Phases of moons
Supernova explosions
Solar flares
Comet impact with another body(rare)
Asteroid impact with another body (rare)
Meteor entering the atmospere
Cosmic ray bursts

Answer 2

thanks drwls :-) I appreciate your help

Answer 3

arrows in the diagram with your velocity as you ride your bike to your friend's house