In music, dynamics refer specifically to the volume of the music, indicating how loud or soft the sounds are. It encompasses the varying levels of intensity in a piece, including the use of crescendos (gradually getting louder) and decrescendos (gradually getting softer).
To clarify the other terms you mentioned:
- Tempo refers to the speed of the music, indicating whether it is played fast or slow.
- Pitch relates to the frequency of the sound, determining whether it is high or low.
- Texture refers to how many layers of sound are heard at once, which can be described as thick (many layers or voices) or thin (few layers or voices).
Thus, among the options you provided, dynamics specifically denote the volume of the music.