Atoms are the basic building blocks of matter and are composed of three main types of subatomic particles:
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Protons: These are positively charged particles that reside in the nucleus (the center) of the atom. The number of protons determines the atomic number and identity of an element.
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Neutrons: These are neutral particles (having no charge) that also reside in the nucleus alongside protons. The number of neutrons, along with the number of protons, determines the isotope of the element.
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Electrons: These are negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus in electron clouds or energy levels. The number of electrons usually equals the number of protons in a neutral atom, balancing the overall charge.
Together, protons and neutrons make up the atomic nucleus, while electrons occupy the surrounding space, influencing the atom's chemical properties and interactions with other atoms.