The term "War Hawk" typically refers to a group of young and influential politicians in the early 19th century, particularly during the lead-up to the War of 1812. They were characterized by their eagerness to go to war against Great Britain, whom they felt was disrespecting U.S. sovereignty and economic interests.
Among the notable War Hawks were figures like Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, who advocated for a strong national defense and were driven by a sense of nationalism and pride in the young country's independence.
Thomas Jefferson was not categorized as a War Hawk; he was more associated with the principles of limited government and agrarianism. However, he did have nationalistic sentiments in relation to the protection of the U.S. from European powers.
Patrick Henry, although prominent in the Revolutionary War era and a strong advocate for American independence, was less directly involved in the War of 1812. His emphasis on state rights can contrast with the War Hawks' more nationalistic fervor.
In essence, the War Hawks, such as Henry Clay, were strongly motivated by the belief that Britain was treating the U.S. like a colony and pushed for military action to affirm American sovereignty and pride.