VQUESTION 1: DEVELOPMENT GEOGRAPHY

Question

Question 1.1
Choose a term from COLUMN A that matches the description in COLUMN B.
Write ONLY the letter (A–I) next to the question numbers 1.1.1 to 1.1.8. For
example 1.1.9 J.
COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.1.1 Gini coefficient A The number of babies expected to
born per woman of child-bearing age.
1.1.2 Technical aid B Mostly trades manufactured items.
1.1.3 Fertility rate C McDonald’s.
1.1.4 MEDCs D The number of babies born per 1000
people in a year.
1.1.5 Multinational
cooperation
E Assistance given in the form of
technology and advice.
1.1.6 EIA F Mostly trades raw materials
1.1.7 Birth rate G Measures equality in a country.
1.1.8 LEDC’S H A developmental policy that ensures
the land is surveyed before any
construction or development plan is
implemented.
(8 x 1) (8)
Question 1.2
Choose the correct words/terms from the box below to complete the paragraph
below on gender inequality. Write only the word(s) next to the question numbers
1.2.1 – 1.2.7.
disadvantaged; paid; resources; gender pay gap; HDI;
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advantaged; North Africa; culture; GII; Western Europe;
work pay gap; unpaid
Women are often disproportionately 1.2.1 _____________ in the process of
development. Specific roles for men and women are often based on the 1.2
___________ of a society, which can influence how someone gains access
1.2.3____________. The 1.2.4___________ measures the inequality situation in
countries. 1.2.5_______ tend to have the most gender-equal societies. The
1.2.6________ is when women are paid less than men for doing the same job.
Much of the work done by women in the household is often 1.2.7_________
labour.
(7 x 1) (7)
Question 1.3
Read the case study below on development aid and answer the questions that
follow.
CASE STUDY: Money in the bank
After the 12 January 2010 earthquake in Haiti, Americans gave almost $2
billion through different charities, towards relief aid. The earthquake kill
over 200 000 people and left more than one million homeless. Aid in the form
of food parcels was given to women, who it is believed are more caring in
ensuring that their children are fed.
However, various claims of corruption and the selling of food on the black
market have been made. The mayor of Port au Prince, the capital of Haiti, has
been accused of bribery and corruption. Recent reports show that the money
sent by many charities has not been spent and is still in the bank. Sixty
American charities were surveyed by The Chronicle of Philanthropy. The
outcome was that more than 60% of the $1,5 billion they have raised as funds
for the Haiti earthquake was still in the bank.
[Source: Adapted from: Reuters, 2010 and 2011]
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1.3.1 What is development aid? (1 x 2) (2)
1.3.2 Identify the type of aid provided to the people of Haiti in the case study
above. (1 x 1) (1)
1.3.3 Using evidence from the case study, explain why some people did not
receive the aid that was provided by the various charities. (2 x 2) (4)
1.3.4 In a paragraph of approximately eight lines discuss four positive
impacts of development aid on LEDC’s. (4 x 2) (8)
[15]
Question 1.4
Use Figure 1 below on Development Models to assist you in answering the
questions that follow:
Figure 1: Development models
6
1.4.1 Name the development models A, B, and C displayed in Figure 1 above.
(3 x 1) (3)
1.4.2 Explain why Model A may not be applicable to South Africa or other
LEDC’S? (1 x 2) (2)
1.4.3 Refer to Model B. Discuss in detail what this model seeks to explain,
making reference to both the core and peripheral areas. (3 x 2) (6)
1.4.4 What does model C aim to achieve when implemented and explain why
this is important. (2 x 2) (4)
[15]
Question 1.5
Use Figure 2 below on the balance of trade to answer the questions that follow.
Figure 2: Trading relationships
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1.5.1 Define terms of trade. (1 x 2) (
1.5.2 Would you agree that the cartoon in Figure 2 depicts a negative term of
trade? Give a reason for your answer. (1 + 2) (3)
1.5.3 Explain two trade barriers that a country may implement to control trade.
(2 x 2) (4)
1.5.4 Give one reason why a country would want to put up a trade barrier.
(1 x 2) (2)
1.5.5 A common method of trading in the 21st century is free trade. Critically
discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of free trade for South
Africa. (2 x 2) (4)

Answer 1

Question 1.1: Development Geography

1.1.1 G Gini coefficient - Measures equality in a country.
1.1.2 E ETechnical aid - Assistance given in the form of technology and advice.
1.1.3 A AFertility rate - The number of babies expected to be born per woman of child-bearing age.
1.1.4 D DBirth rate - The number of babies born per 1000 people in a year.
1.1.5 B BMultinational cooperation - Mostly trades manufactured items.
1.1.6 H HEIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) - A developmental policy that ensures the land is surveyed before any construction or development plan is implemented.
1.1.7 F FLEDC's - Mostly trades raw materials.
1.1.8 C CMcDonald’s - Often considered as multinational cooperation, it is a global fast-food chain.

Question 1.2: Gender Inequality

1.2.1 disadvantaged
1.2.2 culture
1.2.3 resources
1.2.4 GII (Gender Inequality Index)
1.2.5 Western Europe
1.2.6 gender pay gap
1.2.7 unpaid

Question 1.3: Case Study - Money in the Bank

1.3.1 Development aid is financial or material assistance given to countries in need to help improve their economic, social, and political conditions.
1.3.2 The type of aid provided to the people of Haiti in the case study is humanitarian aid in the form of food parcels.
1.3.3 Some people did not receive the aid because there were claims of corruption and bribery, particularly involving local officials like the mayor of Port au Prince. Moreover, reports indicated that a significant amount of the funds raised was still unspent in the bank.
1.3.4 Positive impacts of development aid on LEDCs include: 1) Economic growth through funding infrastructure projects that create jobs; 2) Improvement in healthcare systems leading to better health outcomes; 3) Enhanced access to education, which supports long-term economic development; and 4) Emergency relief during natural disasters, helping to save lives and provide immediate support to affected communities. These impacts contribute to overall development and stability in LEDCs.

Question 1.4: Development Models

1.4.1

• A: Modernization theory
• B: Dependency theory
• C: World-systems theory

1.4.2 Model A may not be applicable to South Africa or other LEDCs because the linear pathway to development it suggests does not account for the diverse socio-economic contexts and historical factors influencing development in these countries. Many LEDCs face unique challenges such as colonial legacies, inequality, and differing political contexts which affect their development trajectories.

1.4.3 Model B (Dependency theory) seeks to explain how peripheral countries, often rich in natural resources, remain economically dependent on core countries. It posits that the core countries exploit the resources and labor of peripheral regions, leading to underdevelopment in the latter. The core maintains its wealth through trade and investment that often benefits the wealthy countries at the expense of peripheral nations, perpetuating a cycle of dependency. Model B highlights the imbalances in global trade and economic structures.

1.4.4 Model C aims to achieve balanced development by addressing inequality and ensuring resources are more equitably distributed. This is important because it can lead to sustainable growth, improve living standards in poorer areas, and reduce social tensions that arise from disparities in wealth and resources. A focus on equity can thus strengthen societal cohesion and long-term stability.

Question 1.5: Balance of Trade

1.5.1 Terms of trade refer to the relative prices at which a country trades its exports for imports, effectively describing how much of one good a country can obtain in exchange for another.
1.5.2 Yes, I would agree that the cartoon depicts a negative terms of trade because it portrays a situation where the value of imports is higher than that of exports, indicating that the country may be at a disadvantage in trade, which could lead to economic challenges.
1.5.3 Two trade barriers a country may implement include: 1) Tariffs, which are taxes imposed on imported goods to make them more expensive compared to domestic products; 2) Quotas, which limit the quantity of a specific product that can be imported to protect domestic industries from foreign competition.

1.5.4 A country may want to put up a trade barrier to protect domestic industries and jobs from foreign competition, ensuring that local businesses can compete effectively without being undercut by cheaper imports.
1.5.5 One advantage of free trade for South Africa is that it allows for increased access to international markets, leading to a broader customer base and potential for economic growth. However, a disadvantage is that it may harm local industries as they struggle to compete with cheaper imports, potentially leading to job losses in those sectors.