Volcanoes release large quantities of hot smoke into the sky, which thermal energy transfer process is responsible for sending the smoke up into the sky

Answer 1

The thermal energy transfer process responsible for sending the smoke up into the sky from a volcano is convection.

When a volcano erupts, the hot gases and ash that are released are much warmer than the surrounding air. This causes the hot smoke and volcanic gases to rise because warm air is less dense than cooler air. As the hot air rises, it creates a convection current. The warmer, less dense smoke ascends and displaces cooler air, which then sinks to take its place. This cycle of rising hot air and sinking cool air facilitates the upward movement of the volcanic smoke and ash into the atmosphere.