Vanadium has several oxidation states, which determine its valency in different compounds. The most common oxidation states of vanadium are:
- +5 (pentavalent)
- +4 (tetravalent)
- +3 (trivalent)
- +2 (divalent)
Accordingly, the valency of vanadium can be considered 2, 3, 4, or 5, depending on the specific chemical context and the compounds it forms. Vanadium commonly exhibits +5 and +4 oxidation states in its compounds.